AFRS 344: Literature of the African and Caribbean Experience

Plagiarism is using facts or ideas from another source without attribution, thereby presenting it as original work.

Adapted from CSUN Policies and Procedures

Best Practices to Avoid Plagiarism:

• Plan in advance your research assignments.
• Be 100% scrupulous in your note taking.
• Cite your sources scrupulously.
• Understand good paraphrasing.
• Learn how to cite in different citation style.

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Adapted from: Vega García, S.A. (2012). Understanding plagiarism: Information literacy guide. Iowa State University. Retrieved  from http://instr.iastate.libguides.com/content.php?pid=10314. [Accessed February 8, 2018]

Citation managers are software that keep track of your sources and automatically format your citations in a variety of styles.

• EndNote Web - free to CSUN students, staff, and faculty; integrates with MS Word and any browser; can export references directly from many databases
  • Help with EndNote Web
• Zotero - free to anyone; integrates with MS Word and/or Google Docs; must be installed on your own computer 

Learn more about citation managers on Citation Managers: What are they and why use them?

Note: Follow punctuation and capitalization in the formats below.

Citing an online photograph (not of artworks) in MLA

Last Name, First Name. Title of Photograph Italicized. Year of photograph, Website Name italicized, web page address for which the image appears.

Citing a published photograph (not of artworks) in MLA

Last Name, First Name. Title of Photograph Italicized. Year of photograph, Book Name Italicized, nth ed., Author/Editor First Name Last Name and Second Author First Name and Last Name, Publisher, pp.###.

Citing an online photograph (artworks) in MLA

Last Name, First Name. Title of Photograph Italicized. Year of photograph, Name of Location/Museum for which the Work Appears, City. Website Name italicized, web page address for which the image appears.

Citing a published photograph (artworks) in MLA

Last Name, First Name. Title of Photograph Italicized. Year of photograph, Name of Location/Museum for which the Work Appears, City. Book Name italicized, nth ed., Author/Editor First Name Last Name and Second Author First Name and Last Name, Publisher, pp.###.

Citing a film in MLA

Name of Film Italicized. Directed by First Name Last Name, performances by First Name Last Name, First Name Last Name, and First Name Last Name, Publisher, Year of Publication.

For more information and examples see MLA Works Cited: Other Common Sources from Purdue Online Writing Lab.

Basic MLA formatting guidelines 

• A Works Cited list should be organized alphabetically by author’s last name.
• Works Cited list should be double spaced with a hanging indent.
• In-Text citations should be placed directly after the quote or paraphrase. Information needed: (Author’s Last Name page number)
  • Parenthetical citation: “Direct quote” (Furlong 25).
  • Narrative citation, if the author is mentioned in the sentence, only provide the page #. Example: Furlong found that “direct quote” (25)
• Publication date should be formatted day month year with the month abbreviated. It could also be: month year or season year. Examples:
  • 26 July 2016
  • Dec. 2015
  • spring 2016
• Abbreviations: If the month is more than 4 letters, abbreviate as follows: Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

MLA Style Center provide citation guideline for common titles of online works.

View the APA Style website for additional style and grammar guidelines.

Basic APA Formatting Guidelines 

• Reference list entries are alphabetized by author’s last name or equivalent.
• Reference lists are doubled spaced with a hanging indent after the first line of each entry
• References (in bold) should appear at the top center of the page.
• When referring to books, chapters, articles, or webpage titles, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns
• Cite up to the first 20 authors. Separate the authors name with a comma, and place the & symbol prior to the last name. 
  • Example: Last, F. M., Last, F. M., & Last, F. M.
• In-text citations are placed directly after the quote or paraphrase. Information needed: (Author's Last Name, Year, page number). 
  • Parenthetical citation: “Direct quote” (Furlong, 2015, p.25).
  • Narrative citation, if the author is mentioned in the sentence, place the year after the last name and the page number after the quote. Example: Furlong (2015) found that “direct quote” (p. 25)
• More guidelines can be found in the PDF Style Guide, citing in APA 7th edition.